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Despite the lack of some advanced features, the Free edition includes almost all basic video editing tools to fulfill various needs. VSDC comes with two editions: Free and Pro. But, its features are enough for casual users to edit videos. It’s considered the preferred tool for creating presentations with strengths in adding texts, charts, filters, and effects. This tool is developed for Windows users. Regarding video editor for PC free download, another popular tool is VSDC Video Editor. Add a watermark to the outputs when you use non-free features. ![]() Can use the Free version without time restrictions.Offer a simple and easy-to-use interface.Export videos to many formats: MP4, AVI, WMV, WebM, MKV. ![]()
He’s been sidelined since June 14 with a broken left foot. Atlanta 2B Ozzie Albies will begin a rehab assignment on Thursday. The Braves are 63-29 with him in the lineup and 17-22 without. “It feels terrible, but we're just going to play through it until the season ends," he said. 13 at Miami, went 1 for 4 after returning from missing three games with pain in his surgically repaired right knee. Rockies CF Randal Grichuk laid out on a running dive to his left to catch Acuña’s liner for the first out of the third.Īcuña, who homered for the first time since Aug. With two outs in the first and Atlanta leading 2-0, William Contreras tried to score from first on Michael Harris II’s double into the right-field corner but was tagged out on Brendan Rodgers’ relay throw to the plate. He began the game 0-2 with a 19.06 ERA in two career starts against Atlanta and dropped to 0-4 with a 5.97 ERA in eight road games this season. He has won four straight starts and eight of nine overall.įeltner allowed three runs and five hits in 5 2/3 innings. Wright improved to 11-2 with a 2.82 ERA in 15 starts at Truist Park this year. “That pitch was on the outer edge of the plate, and he put a really good swing on it. “Sometimes there's no holes in his swing, so you have to mix what you're doing with him and not show him any patterns," Feltner said of Riley. 317 over his last 88 games and he has 24 homers and 67 RBI over that stretch. They are 15-5 in Atlanta since the start of 2015 and are 11-3 at Truist Park. Prior to Atlanta’s four-game sweep June 2-5 at Coors Field, the Rockies had won 30 of 42 games against the Braves. Colorado is 20-43 away from Coors Field and has the majors’ worst road winning percentage. The Rockies were attempting to win three straight on the road for the first time this year, the last stretch coming Sept. He didn’t allow a runner to advance past first the rest of the way. 24 at Pittsburgh, pitched around a walk in the first before stranding two runners in scoring position in the second when Brian Serven popped up and in the third when José Iglesias flew out. Wright, coming off seven scoreless innings in a 14-2 victory Aug. “But going around second, I knew and I looked at my family and saw them hugging, and that was more emotional." “I wasn't sure because I saw it bounce back in and I wasn't positive if it hit the brick or the railing," Toglia said. Michael Toglia hit his first career homer, a two-run shot, to make it 3-2 in the ninth off Jansen. “It always feels good to be on the field and it feels good to produce and whenever you can put on a show for the fans, that's great because you know they deserve it," Acuña said through a translator. Acuña made it 3-0 with his 11th long ball, an estimated 444-foot blast to center off Feltner that left his bat at 111 mph. Riley’s 32nd homer, an opposite-field, two-run shot to right-center off Ryan Feltner (2-6), put the Braves up 2-0 in the first. Minter faced the minimum for Atlanta in the eighth, and Kenley Jansen earned his 30th save in 35 chances after facing five batters in a shaky ninth. ![]() Hall of Famer Tom Glavine was the last Atlanta pitcher to lead the majors in victories with 21 in 2000.Ī.J. 5 overall draft pick of 2017 is trying to become the first Braves pitcher to lead the NL in wins since Russ Ortiz had 21 in 2003. Atlanta, with the NL’s third-best record at 80-51, remained three games behind the New York Mets in the East Division.įacing Colorado for the first time in his career, Wright (17-5) allowed five hits with two walks and six strikeouts, throwing 63 of his 96 pitches for strikes. The defending World Series champion Braves avoided their first four-game losing streak since last Sept. Just to see the growth I made last year at Triple-A and to continue to build on what I’m working on is definitely exciting doing this. “I had two starts last year, and they were both pretty bad before I got called back up for the World Series. “Yeah, it’s pretty cool how quickly it’s turned around," Wright said. Wright broke a tie with Houston's Justin Verlander and Tony Gonsolin of the Los Angeles Dodgers to take the lead in wins. ![]() homered, and the Atlanta Braves beat the Colorado Rockies 3-2 on Wednesday night. Wright wins 17th Riley, Acuña homer as Braves edge RockiesĪTLANTA - Kyle Wright pitched seven scoreless innings to earn his major league-leading 17th victory, Austin Riley and Ronald Acuña Jr. ![]() Comics ain’t movies, and not having that distinction would hurt or hinder this book’s ability to jab at our heartstrings.Īnd that’s really a core strength of this story so far - those big moments of intense family drama and bigger fights, something which Santos’ work is hugely responsible for facilitating with ample life and color. It’s less about, say, the dialogue (which still feels very movie-esque) and just the movement from scene to scene, and that helps a lot in keeping things fluid and focused on tentpoles. It’s a slightly cutesy, borderline cheesy tale - but then that’s sort of the point, as boxing is really just the lens for a more poignant tale of family trying to sort out its future.Īt the same time, though, Morgan and Jamison are there to carefully and deliberately temper some of the more cinematic tendencies, and that includes not only that uber dramatic sheen but also round out the story in a way that it moves and sticks like a proper comic. You can see Jordan’s Hollywood fingerprints all across this book, guiding the story of young Amara Creed trying in proving her worth to her father and making it on her own terms despite said mega-lineage. ![]() That dichotomous team approach is perhaps why issue #1 works really well. Luckily, we’ve got a crack creative team - writers LaToya Morgan ( Dark Blood) and Jai Jamison ( Superman & Lois) and artist Wilton Santos ( Break Out) - to keep this grounded in the very specific waters of comics-dom. ![]() Not of anything that really matters, but certainly when it comes to comics like the adaptation-continuation Creed: The Next Round, which promises participation from the original’s big star (Michael B. And if Cates and Stegman are on the case, then we’re going to be delightfully wading in the filth right alongside Oliver and company.įinal Thought: No one can hate you the way you fully hate yourself. But then maybe that’s the point: if we’re to see Oliver’s redemption, he needs to get into some truly deep and dark places. Without spoiling too much, it would seem he’s going to take on perhaps a more antagonistic role, and that could be interesting if not a little hard to swallow given the inroads that he’s made to becoming a better person. My only issue, though, is the state of Oliver in this forthcoming arc. Really, Stegman’s art has been a consistent source of joy (and terror) across this arc it’s captured the ’90s edge every time but kept everything feeling deeply human and nearly intimate. And Stegman’s art for this issue gets other places to shine, including a great little twist involving Oliver’s wife, Elynor, that sets up some huge stakes for the second arc. It’s clear that Stegman knows how to use the human anatomy to churn stomachs while also extending the process of Oliver giving in to finally let go of it all. It’s a process made all the more gory and unsettling (and super effective from a storytelling perspective) thanks to Ryan Stegman’s art. New isn’t always better, as Oliver sees first hand, but transformation through sacrifice seems to be a perfect lesson for our wayward hero. This is a story about destruction - not only of the evil in the world but how those very same acts and instincts can build something new. It feels hugely shocking, yeah, but never in a way that the specific act is somehow cheapened. The result is perhaps the most uncomfortable and yet somehow poignant expression of this book’s efforts, with Oliver deliberately engaging in torture and mutilation to banish his demons (both metaphorical and the literal, evil wizard kind). It was certainly a compelling spin for the book, which mostly left behind the Harry Potter-esque connotations for a full on The Crow-ian experiment in torturing your darlings in the name of greater truth.Īnd in issue #8, we get to really and truly see what happens when Oliver suffers, as he contends with the final battle (of this arc, at least) in his lifelong obsession with combating the shadow of Everkeep. No, Cates went all the way with it, and The Boy Who Lived (Like A Loser Grouch) was transmogrified into a full on voodoo doll. ![]() In my review of issue #7 of Vanish, I mentioned how Donny Cates wasn’t satisfied with Oliver Harrison as some mere stand-in/representation. Avnet told HitQuarters that Warner initially proved resistant to the deal because "They were afraid they wouldn't be able to get a voice like that on radio." Explaining his reasons for signing the artist, Foster said: "I love his natural ability in the pop and rock arena, but I love his sense of classics even more. Records through Foster's 143 Records imprint. Groban was offered a recording contract at Warner Bros. ![]() The character of Malcolm Wyatt was so popular, prompting 8,000 emails from viewers, that Groban was asked to return the next season to reprise his role and perform "To Where You Are." Avnet claims this sequence of events effectively got Groban's career off the ground. Kelley created character Malcolm Wyatt for Groban in the season finale aired in May 2001. According to manager Avnet, Groban was very nervous about standing in for Bocelli and had to be talked into it, but his performance prompted the show hostess, Rosie O'Donnell, to ask him to appear on her show the following week, which then led to an appearance on Ally McBeal. Groban worked for David Foster as a rehearsal singer on a series of high-profile events, including the January 1999 inauguration of Gray Davis as Governor of California and the 1999 Grammy Awards where-as a stand-in for Andrea Bocelli-he rehearsed Foster's "The Prayer" with Céline Dion. At the time, Groban had no recording experience and was preparing to begin studying at Carnegie Mellon University. In late 1998, the 17-year-old Groban was introduced by his vocal coach, Seth Riggs, to Grammy-winning producer and arranger David Foster and future manager Brian Avnet. He was admitted to and briefly attended Carnegie Mellon University, intending to study musical theatre, but left four months into his first semester after being offered a recording contract and deciding to pursue his singing career. He went on to attend the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts as a theater major and graduated in 1999. ![]() In the summers of 19, he also attended the Interlochen Center for the Arts Camp in Michigan, majoring in music theater, and began taking vocal lessons. At this time, he was more focused on acting, playing Tevye in his high school's production of Fiddler on the Roof. His music teacher chose him to sing a solo of "S'wonderful" at the school's cabaret night, where he sang alone on stage for the first time. Groban first sang in public when he was in the seventh grade. Josh's mother's ancestry includes English, German, and Norwegian. Josh's father is a descendant of Jewish immigrants from Poland and Ukraine, and converted from Judaism to Christianity upon marrying Josh's mother. Josh's younger brother, Chris, was born on Josh's fourth birthday. Josh Groban was born in Los Angeles, California, to Lindy (née Johnston), a school teacher, and Jack Groban, a businessman. Kelley, performing "You're Still You" for the 2001 season 4 finale. He was cast on Ally McBeal by the show's creator, David E. Foster asked him to sing at the California Governor's Gray Davis' 1999 inauguration. Rosie O'Donnell immediately invited him to appear on her talk show. ĭavid Foster called Groban to stand in for an ailing Andrea Bocelli to rehearse a duet, "The Prayer", with Celine Dion at the rehearsal for the 1998 Grammy Awards. Groban attended the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts, a free public school on the campus of California State University, Los Angeles, where students receive a conservatory-style education. ![]() Groban originally studied acting, but moved to singing as his voice developed. As of 2012, he had sold over 25 million records worldwide. His first four solo albums have been certified multi-platinum, and he was charted in 2007 as the number-one best selling artist in the United States, with over 22.3 million records in the nation. Joshua Winslow Groban (born February 27, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, actor, and record producer. ![]() įonseca-Santos B, Chorilli M (2017) An overview of carboxymethyl derivatives of chitosan: their use as biomaterials and drug delivery systems. įerrari A, Cecchini M, Dhawan A et al (2011) Nanotopographic control of neuronal polarity. įerrari A, Faraci P, Cecchini M, Beltram F (2010b) The effect of alternative neuronal differentiation pathways on PC12 cell adhesion and neurite alignment to nanogratings. In: Multifunctional and Nanoreinforced Polymers for Food Packagingįerrari A, Cecchini M, Serresi M et al (2010a) Neuronal polarity selection by topography-induced focal adhesion control. Int J Adv Resįernandez-Saiz P (2011) Chitosan polysaccharide in food packaging applications. Įlieh-Ali-Komi D, Hamblin MR (2016) Chitin and chitosan: production and application of versatile biomedical nanomaterials. Polymers (Basel)ĭutta PK, Rinki K, Dutta J (2011) Chitosan: a promising biomaterial for tissue engineering scaffolds. ĭong C, Lv Y (2016) Application of collagen scaffold in tissue engineering: recent advances and new perspectives. ĭaly WT, Yao L, Abu-rub MT et al (2012) The effect of intraluminal contact mediated guidance signals on axonal mismatch during peripheral nerve repair. Trends BiotechnolĬhandran R, Nowlin K, LaJeunesse DR (2018) Nanosphere lithography of chitin and chitosan with colloidal and self-masking patterning. Ĭhan G, Mooney DJ (2008) New materials for tissue engineering: towards greater control over the biological response. RehabilĬecchini M, Ferrari A, Beltram F (2008) PC12 polarity on biopolymer nanogratings. (03)00255-5īraga Silva J, Marchese GM, Cauduro CG, Debiasi M (2017) Nerve conduits for treating peripheral nerve injuries: a systematic literature review. īorschel GH, Kia KF, Kuzon WM, Dennis RG (2003) Mechanical properties of acellular peripheral nerve. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineeringīitar KN, Zakhem E (2014) Design strategies of biodegradable scaffolds for tissue regeneration. īarua E, Deoghare AB, Deb P, Lala S Das (2018) Naturally derived biomaterials for development of composite bone scaffold: a review. Īntonini S, Meucci S, Jacchetti E et al (2015) Sub-micron lateral topography affects endothelial migration by modulation of focal adhesion dynamics. ResĪnkam S, Suryana M, Chan LY et al (2013) Substrate topography and size determine the fate of human embryonic stem cells to neuronal or glial lineage. In: Procedia EngineeringĪndalib MN, Dzenis Y, Donahue HJ, Lim JY (2016) Biomimetic substrate control of cellular mechanotransduction. Almeida HA, Bártolo PJ (2013) Topological optimisation of scaffolds for tissue engineering. ![]() That is, in this chapter you will learn that water has stronger intermolecular forces than carbon dioxide, and that is why it is a liquid, while carbon dioxide is a gas. So why at ambient conditions is Carbon Dioxide (the heavier molecule at 44 amu) a gas, but water (the lighter molecule at 18 amu) is a liquid? Answer That is, shouldn't it be easier to vaporize the lighter molecule than the heavier one? The answer lies within the Intermolecular Forces, and if you review molecular shapes and polarity you will see that water is a polar molecule while carbon dioxide is non-polar, and this leads to different physical properties like the boiling and melting points. The problem is, there are often other factors, as indicated in the next question, on why is carbon dioxide a gas at ambient questions while water is a liquid? ![]() Note: This image is for the velocity distribution of a gas at a given temperature, and not a liquid, but the concept is valid, in that if all other things are equal, lighter molecules tend to move faster, and gas phase systems move faster than liquid. ![]() Look at the case of carbon dioxide and water (the next question deals with this). The problem is we need to identify the intermolecular forces that attract the molecules to each other, and if the lighter molecule had stronger intermolecular forces, this would be wrong. From our study of gases and the Kinetic Molecular Theory we learned that the average kinetic energy of a molecular system is proportional to the absolute temperature, and both molecules have the same average kinetic energy, and so at first thought, we would predict that the lighter molecule would tend to have the higher velocity (review Graham's Law of Effusion) and be easier to vaporize (see image below). The experiment also now holds the record for the coldest object we know of in space, though it isn't yet the coldest thing humanity has ever created.\)Īt a given temperature, would it be easier to vaporize a light molecule or a heavy molecule? Answer In July 2018, an experiment aboard the International Space Station cooled a cloud of rubidium atoms to ten-millionth of a degree above absolute zero, producing a Bose-Einstein condensate in space. Wieman, both of the Joint Institute for Lab Astrophysics (JILA) in Boulder, Colorado, and Wolfgang Ketterle, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, managed to make one, for which they got the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics. Though the theory said such states of matter should exist, it wasn't until 1995 that Eric A. Bose-Einstein condensates break that rule. ![]() That in turn is one reason why chemistry works the way it does and one reason atoms can't occupy the same space at the same time. This is why when two electrons are in the same orbital, their spins have to be opposite so they add up to zero. Pauli (1900-1958) was an Austrian-born Swiss and American theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum physics.It says that fermions - the kinds of particles that make up matter - can't be in identical quantum states. Other states of matter all follow the Pauli Exclusion Principle, named for physicist Wolfgang Pauli. That's why the atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate behave like "super atoms." When one tries to measure where they are, instead of seeing discrete atoms one sees more of a fuzzy ball. But cool the atoms to within billionths of a degree of absolute zero and some atoms begin to fall into the same energy level, becoming indistinguishable. This is why electrons, for example, have discrete "orbitals" that they have to occupy, and why they give off photons of specific wavelengths when they drop from one orbital, or energy level, to another. What the two found was that ordinarily, atoms have to have certain energies - in fact one of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics is that the energy of an atom or other subatomic particle can't be arbitrary. ![]() ![]() There are several ways you can get around East Africa. Given the current situations in both Burundi and South Sudan, the information in this blog post doesn’t apply to those countries. ![]() I also didn’t go on safari while in Rwanda – although there are plenty of ways to see wildlife in this compact country, including the incredible mountain gorillas as well as other primates. So, a lot of the advice I’ve included in this article applies there as well. While I didn’t visit Kenya (home to the famous Maasai Mara), I talked to my guides about the country a lot, as both tour operators I used also organise tours there. On my recent trip to East Africa, I visited Uganda, Rwanda and Tanzania. What countries are in East Africa?įirst up, what countries are in East Africa? Generally, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi and South Sudan are considered the countries that make up East Africa. This blog post may contain affiliate links, meaning if you book or buy something through one of these links, I may earn a small commission (at no extra cost to you). If you want to save this guide to hiring a guide for a safari in East Africa so you can read it later, click on the below images to pin it to Pinterest! But I’m also going to first give you information about other ways to travel in East Africa so that you can figure out which is best for you. You’ve probably guessed from the title of this article which path I went down – and I’m going to tell you why later in this blog post. It’s a question I spent a lot of time thinking about before I visited. One question you may have is whether you should hire a driver or a guide when you visit East Africa or try independent travel. Of course, amazing experiences require a lot of research and planning, so I’m here to help you plan your safari in East Africa and figure out – once you book your plane ticket and land on African soil – how you’ll get around there. And one of the best places to go on safari is East Africa. There’s nothing quite like the thrill of seeing predators in the wild just a few metres from your vehicle, or driving across the open savannah as the sun starts to peek above the horizon, or waking in your tented room to hear lions roaring or hyenas barking. If I took a sneak peek into people’s bucket lists, I can bet that the majority of them list “ African safari”. ![]() Adorama 46mm to T-mount Adapter: for Mounting 46mm Threaded Digital Cameras on a Telescope, Spotting Scope or Nightvision Scope.Acog 6 X 48 Scope Dual Illuminated Chevron.Acog 6 X 48 Machine Gun Optic Dual Illuminated 8.0 Moa Chevron.Acog 4 X 32 Scope Dual Illuminated Crosshair.Accushot 30mm Tube 4-16×56 Range Estimating Scope.Accupoint 1.-4 X 24 German 4 Crosshair Riflescope with Green Dot.50 Cal Sniper Rifle w/ Illuminated Zoom Scope & Bipod 550 FPS Airsoft Snow Wolf Tactical SR-01A High Powered Sniper Rifle Bolt Action.4X32 Fixed power SCOPE WITH FIBER OPTIC SIGHT QD FLASHLIGHT LASER SIGHT COMBO.4×32 Fiber Optic Scope with Green Laser Led Flashlight Combo.4×32 Compact Red and Green Illumination P4 Sniper/Green Lens/Quick Release.400 FPS AGM M14 SOCOM RIS High-Powered Sniper Rifle w/ Tactical Rail System, Flashlight, and Red Dot Scope + 180-FPS Flashlight, Laser, Pistol + 800 Count Grenade BB’s Airsoft.4-16×40 Gameseeker III Riflescope Magnification: 4x – 16x.4-16×40 Gameseeker III Riflescope Magnification: 3x – 9x.30mm Scope Rings with Stop Pin for Airgun Crossbow 3/8″ Dovetail.30mm Rings Detachable See Through High Mount For 3/8 Dovetail.25mm Aluminum QD Quick Detach Barrel Mount w/Weaver Ring.20mm Scope Metal Mount Base Rail for AK Series. ![]() 2012 RED DOT VERSION CQB 614 w/ Flashlight and Laser and Red Dot Scope 320-FPS Airsoft Rifle M16/M4 Style 1:1 Double Eagle 614 AEG Full Auto Rifle Electric Airsoft Gun Airsoft Rifle Gun Assault Rifle Gun.2012 RED DOT VERSION 614 w/ Flashlight and Laser and Red Dot Scope 320-FPS Airsoft Rifle M16/M4 Style 1:1 Double Eagle 614 AEG Full Auto Rifle Electric Airsoft Gun Airsoft Rifle Gun Assault Rifle Gun.1×30 AR-15 Handle Mount Tactical Red Dot Sight.1000′ Od Green 550 7 Strand Spool Paracord – Od Green.10/22 RUGER RIFLE SCOPE SEE-THRU MOUNT SILVER.1-4X Elcan SpecterDR Type Red/Green Dot Sight Scope Black.1″ Scope Rings with Stop Pin for Airgun Crossbow 3/8″ Dovetail.1″ Dovetail Base Low Heavy Duty HD Scope Ring.1 Piece Base Standard Remington 700 Long Action Long Range Matte.1 Inch Quick Detachable 4 Screw Scope Rings Low Height For Weaver Base.Tags:Buy TenPoint Crossbow HX 4-Arrow ID Quiver, Quiver, Realtree APG online, Shopping TenPoint Crossbow HX 4-Arrow ID Quiver, Quiver, Realtree APG online, TenPoint Crossbow HX 4-Arrow ID Quiver, Quiver, Realtree APG Store, TenPoint Crossbow HX 4-Arrow ID Quiver, Quiver, Realtree APG Shop, Review TenPoint Crossbow HX 4-Arrow ID Quiver, Quiver, Realtree APG, TenPoint Crossbow HX 4-Arrow ID Quiver, Quiver, Realtree APG reviews. Gift ideas, anniversary gift ideas, anniversary gift ideas, birthday gift ideas, birthday gift idea, wedding gift ideas, corporate gift idea, funny gift idea, unique gift idea, Christmas gift idea, graduation gift ideas, holiday gift idea Find great gift ideas for birthdays, weddings, anniversaries and holidays at our store… Gift ideas to buy TenPoint Crossbow HX 4-Arrow ID Quiver, Quiver, Realtree APG for personal, family, household and corporate. If you’re considering to buy product online, why not take a look at our website. TenPoint Crossbow HX 4-Arrow ID Quiver, Quiver, Realtree APGĪre you looking to buy TenPoint Crossbow HX 4-Arrow ID Quiver, Quiver, Realtree APG ? TenPoint Crossbow HX 4-Arrow ID Quiver, Quiver, Realtree APG product (2006) Folate supplementation during pregnancy improves offspring cardiovascular dysfunction induced by protein restriction. Torrens C, Brawley L, Anthony FW, Dance CS, Dunn R, et al. (2002) Enhanced oxidative stress as a potential mechanism underlying the programming of hypertension in utero. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 22: 155–171.įranco M do C, Dantas AP, Akamine EH, Kawamoto EM, Fortes ZB, et al. NutrNeurosci 7: 201–215.ĭulloo AG (2008) Thrifty energy metabolism in catch-up growth trajectories to insulin and leptin resistance. (2004) A low protein diet causes an increase in the basal levels and variability of mean arterial pressure and heart hate in Fisher rats. Oliveira EL, Cardoso LM, Pedrosa ML, Silva ME, Dun NJ, et al. This review summarizes our current knowledge concerning the role of taurine, TauCl and TauBr in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases initiated or. ![]() (2000) Cardiovascular and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis development in late gestation fetal sheep and young lambs following modest maternal nutrient restriction in early gestation. In contrast to a well-documented regulatory role of taurine and taurine haloamines (TauCl, TauBr) in acute inflammation, their role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases is not clear. Hawkins P, Steyn C, McGarrigle HH, Calder NA, Saito T, et al. The beneficial vascular effect of taurine was associated with restoration of vascular redox homeostasis and improvement of NO bioavailability. Our data indicate a protective role of taurine supplementation on the high blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling induced by post-weaning protein restriction. LP rats showed an increased aortic wall/lumen ratio and taurine prevented this remodeling through a reduction in wall media thickness. Taurine supplementation improved the relaxation response to acetylcholine and eNOS-derived NO production, increased EC-SOD and p-eNOS protein expression, as well as reduced ROS generation and p47phox expression in the aortas from LPT rats. Furthermore, ROS production was enhanced while acetylcholine-induced NO release was reduced in aortas from the LP group. Protein expression of p47phox NADPH oxidase subunit was enhanced, whereas extracellular (EC)-SOD and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation at Ser 1177 (p-eNOS) were reduced in aortas from LP rats. There was a reduced relaxation response to acetylcholine in isolated thoracic aortic rings from the LP group that was reversed by superoxide dismutase (SOD) or apocynin incubation. LP rats showed elevated systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure versus NP rats taurine supplementation partially prevented this increase. ![]() Half of the NP and LP rats concomitantly received 2.5% taurine supplementation in the drinking water (NPT and LPT, respectively). Weaned male Wistar rats were fed normal- (12%, NP) or low-protein (6%, LP) diets for 90 days. This study assessed the effects of taurine supplementation in vascular alterations induced by protein restriction in post-weaning rats. Early protein malnutrition reprograms the cardiovascular system and is linked to hypertension in adulthood. Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that exerts protective effects on vascular function and structure in several models of cardiovascular diseases through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. |
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